ConsciousCushion

Organic Underwear

2006-10-29T07:30:00.000-08:00

Natural soft Organic Clothinggoods are hard to find as they can often be a little course. Liv Organic Cotton Goodsare soft and luxurious and their Organic Underwear is to die for.

Solar Constant

2005-04-04T23:42:00.000-07:00

The total radiation energy received from the Sun per unit of time per unit of area on a theoretical surface perpendicular to the Sun's rays and at the Earth's mean distance from the Sun. Measurements at the Earth's surface must be corrected for atmospheric effects and seasonal changes in distance from the Sun. The value of the constant is approximately 2 calories per

Endocrine System

2005-04-04T14:52:00.000-07:00

Comparative endocrinologists investigate the evolution

Alamosa

2005-04-04T05:31:00.000-07:00

City, seat (1913) of Alamosa county, southern Colorado, U.S. It lies along the Rio Grande in the San Luis Valley, on the western flank of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Founded as Garland City near the site of a small encampment outside the gates of Fort Garland (1858), a cavalry post once commanded by Christopher “Kit” Carson, Alamosa (Spanish: “Cottonwood”) was a terminus of the Denver and

Buli Style

2005-04-02T23:19:00.000-08:00

Also called long-faced style of Buli African wood sculpture made by the Luba peoples (Baluba) of Congo (Kinshasa). Because the carvings—which were made in the village of Buli (now in Katanga province)—are almost identical to each other and differ from other Luba carvings, they were originally presumed to have been the work of a single artist, called the Master of Buli. Later, it was determined that the sculptures

France, History Of, The liberal years

2005-04-02T17:10:00.000-08:00

The empire thus appeared to have compiled a record of unbroken successes and to be beyond challenge by its domestic critics. Perhaps it was this stability and self-confidence that led Napoleon, beginning in 1859, to turn in the direction of liberalizing the empire. The immediate impulse for this dramatic reversal was the attempted assassination of the emperor in January

Ribbonism

2005-04-01T03:12:00.000-08:00

Also called Ribandism Irish secret-society movement that began at the end of the 18th century in opposition to the Orange Society, or Protestant Orangemen. It was represented by various associations under different names, organized in lodges, and recruited all over Ireland from the lower classes. The actual name of Ribbonism (from a green badge worn by its members) became attached to the

Floquet, Charles (-thomas)

2005-03-31T16:30:00.000-08:00

Floquet strongly opposed the Second Empire and rapidly made a name for himself as a republican lawyer and journalist. In 1870–71 he participated in the formation of the new republic and

Kerry Blue Terrier

2005-03-30T21:16:00.000-08:00

Versatile breed of working terrier that is used as a hunter, land and water retriever, and sheep and cattle herder. The Kerry blue originated in County Kerry, Ireland, where it has been bred since the 1820s. It is 17.5 to 19.5 inches (44.5 to 49.5 cm) tall, weighs 29 to 40 pounds (13 to 18 kg), and has a distinctively coloured, soft, wavy coat, black at birth and becoming slate blue to blue gray with maturity. Boxy in

Judaism, Prophecy in the southern kingdom

2005-03-30T14:33:00.000-08:00

Judah was subjected to such intense pressure to join an Israelite–Aramaean coalition against Assyria that its 8th-century-BCE king Ahaz chose to submit himself to Assyria in return for relief. Ahaz introduced a new Aramaean-style altar in the Jerusalem Temple and adopted other foreign customs that are counted against him in the book of Kings. It was at this time that

Uchimura Kanzo

2005-03-29T21:50:00.000-08:00

Uchimura came from a samurai (warrior) family and studied (1878–81) at the Sapporo Agricultural School (now Hokkaido University), where he was converted to Christianity. After several years' service in the government as

China, Foreign relations in the 1860s

2005-03-29T09:19:00.000-08:00

The Tsungli Yamen had two offices attached to it: the Inspectorate General of Customs and the Language School, called T'ung-wen-kuan. The former was the centre for the Maritime Custom Service, administered by Western personnel appointed by the Ch'ing. The latter was opened to train the children of bannermen in foreign languages, and later some Western sciences were

Uighur

2005-03-29T04:07:00.000-08:00

The Uighur language is part of the

Brendan, Saint

2005-03-27T22:33:00.000-08:00

Brendan also spelled Brandon, or Brandan, also called Brendan of Clonfert, Brendan the Voyager, or Brendan the Navigator, Gaelic Brénaind Celtic saint, monastic founder, abbot, and hero of legendary voyages in the Atlantic Ocean. Reputedly raised and educated by Abbess St. Ita at her boys' school in what later became County Limerick, he later studied under Abbot St. Jarlath of Tuam. After becoming a monk and priest, he was entrusted with

Sacrifice, Method of sacrifice

2005-03-26T21:40:00.000-08:00

Along with libation and the sacrificial effusion of blood, one of the commonest means of making an oblation available to sacred beings is to burn it. In both ancient Judaism and Greek religion the major offering was the burnt or fire offering. Through the medium of the fire, the oblation was conveyed to the divine recipient. In ancient Greece the generic term for sacrifice

Yalta Conference

2005-03-26T15:08:00.000-08:00

It had already been decided that Germany

Sokol

2005-03-25T02:07:00.000-08:00

City and river port, centre of Sokol rayon (sector), Vologda oblast (province), northwestern Russia. The port lies along the Sukhona River. Before the Russian Revolution of October 1917 it was the site of only two small factories, but it grew rapidly in the early Soviet period and was incorporated in 1932. Today it is a centre of paper, woodworking, and food industries and has a

Colette

2005-03-25T01:06:00.000-08:00

Colette

Camden

2005-03-24T10:35:00.000-08:00

Town, eastern New South Wales, Australia, on the Nepean section of the Hawkesbury River, in the Southern Highlands. The locality, originally known as Cowpastures, was renamed Camden Park in 1805, after the 2nd earl Camden, secretary of state for the colonies at that time, by John Macarthur, who bred merino sheep in Australia. The village, surveyed in 1836, was proclaimed a municipality

Asheboro

2005-03-23T00:48:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1796) of Randolph county, central North Carolina, U.S. It lies in the forested Uwharrie Mountains about 25 miles (40 km) south of Greensboro. Asheboro (originally Asheborough) was founded in 1796 on land that was once the home of Keyauwee Indians; a prehistoric Native American burial ground nearby was excavated in 1936. The name honours North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe (1725–1813). The community

Ucayali

2005-03-22T20:09:00.000-08:00

Departamento of eastern Peru (until 1980 part of Loreto department) spanning the upper and middle sections of the meandering Ucayali River, a principal tributary of the Amazon. Formerly a very isolated area of Peru, Ucayali department experienced rapid population growth (particularly at Pucallpa [q.v.], the departmental capital) after 1945 with the completion of a road system

Rupp, Adolph

2005-03-22T10:30:00.000-08:00

Rupp grew up on a Kansas farm and was hardly aware of basketball until he went to college. He was a member of the University of Kansas (Lawrence) Big Eight Conference championship team of 1923. After coaching five years

Joint Disease, Neurogenic arthropathy

2005-03-21T01:52:00.000-08:00

A Charcot joint is a severe degenerative disease that develops when the sensory mechanisms of joints are impaired. The current view is that these joints become excessively strained because the ability to receive stimuli from bodily structures and organs necessary for normal limitation of motion is lacking. As a result the supporting tissues are torn and extreme

Madison

2005-03-20T21:53:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Wisconsin, U.S., and seat of Dane county. It lies in the south-central part of the state, partly on an isthmus between lakes Mendota and Monona, which with lakes Waubesa and Kegonsa to the southeast form the “four lakes” group. Founded by James Duane Doty in 1836 (a year of frenzied land speculation in the newly created Territory of Wisconsin), it was named for President

La Chalotais, Louis-rené De Caradeuc De

2005-03-20T14:48:00.000-08:00

La Chalotais became advocate general in the Breton Parlement at Rennes in 1730 and attorney general in 1752. In

Locust Bird

2005-03-19T13:27:00.000-08:00

Any of various African birds that eat grasshoppers and locusts, especially the black-winged pratincole (see pratincole). In India the rose-coloured starling is called locust bird.

Skate

2005-03-19T05:50:00.000-08:00

In zoology, any of numerous flat-bodied, cartilaginous fishes constituting the suborder Rajoidea of the order Batoidei (skates, rays, and others). Skates are found in most parts of the world, from tropical to near-Arctic waters and from the shallows to depths of more than 2,700 metres (8,900 feet). Nine genera of skates are placed in three families: Rajidae, Arynchobatidae,

Rocky Mountains, National parks, forests, and recreational areas

2005-03-18T07:43:00.000-08:00

Many of North America's finest national parks, national monuments, and wilderness areas are in the ranges of the Rocky Mountains and in the Colorado Plateau. To these areas of natural beauty have been added such large recreation facilities as the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, located on either side of Lake Powell in Utah and Arizona, and Flaming Gorge National

Tu-yün

2005-03-18T01:20:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Duyun, city in central Kweichow sheng (province), China. Situated some 60 miles (100 km) southeast of the provincial capital of Kuei-yang, Tu-yün is a transport centre, with a highway route running eastward into Hunan province and a main route, followed by a highway and railway, running south to Liu-chou in Kwangsi province. It is approximately 25 miles (40 km) south by rail from the junction

Le Chapelier, Jean

2005-03-16T23:24:00.000-08:00

Beginning

Insurance, Warranties

2005-03-16T21:08:00.000-08:00

Examples of expressed warranties are the FC&S warranty and the strike,

Ammunition

2005-03-16T10:57:00.000-08:00

The projectiles and propelling charges used in small arms, artillery, and other guns. Ammunition size is usually expressed in terms of calibre, which is the diameter of the projectile as measured in millimetres or inches. In general, projectiles less than 20 mm or .60 inch in diameter are classified as small-arm, and larger calibres are considered artillery. A complete round

Avola

2005-03-16T01:38:00.000-08:00

Town, Siracusa provincia, southeastern Sicily, Italy, southwest of Syracuse. Rebuilt after an earthquake in 1693, the town has several fine 18th-century churches. Sugar refining and almond packing are the main industries. Pop. (1993 est.) mun., 31,629.

Châtelet, Gabrielle-émilie Le Tonnelier De Breteuil, Marquise Du

2005-03-15T23:24:00.000-08:00

She was married at 19 to the Marquis Florent du Châtelet, governor of Semur-en-Auxois, with whom she had three children. The marquis then took up a military career and thereafter saw his wife only infrequently. Mme du Châtelet returned to Paris and its dazzling social

Kobe

2005-03-15T23:19:00.000-08:00

Kobe is situated at the eastern end of the Inland Sea on Osaka Bay, about 20 miles (32 km) west of Osaka. The city is confined to a narrow shelf of land

Subarnarekha River

2005-03-15T22:09:00.000-08:00

River in northeastern India, rising in southern Bihar state. The Subarnarekha (meaning “streak of gold”) flows east through a copper-mining region and leaves the Chota Nagpur plateau by the Hundrugbagh waterfall. Continuing eastward, it flows across West Bengal state to enter the Bay of Bengal after a 290-mile (470-kilometre) course. The Kanchi and Karkari rivers are its chief

Lock Haven University Of Pennsylvania

2005-03-14T22:09:00.000-08:00

Public coeducational institution of higher learning in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is part of Pennsylvania's State System of Higher Education and comprises colleges of Arts and Sciences, and Education and Human Services. The university offers a range of bachelor's degree programs and several master's degree programs. It also offers a cooperative engineering

Berenice

2005-03-13T07:22:00.000-08:00

The eldest daughter of Herod Agrippa I by his wife Cypros, Berenice was married at a young age to Marcus, the son of Alexander the Alabarch. Before consummating the marriage, Marcus died, and Berenice then married Herod, king of Chalcis, with whom she had two sons. Following

Syrian Desert

2005-03-13T05:03:00.000-08:00

Arabic Badiyat Ash-sham, arid wasteland of southwestern Asia, extending northward from the Arabian Peninsula over much of northern Saudi Arabia, eastern Jordan, southern Syria, and western Iraq. Receiving on the average less than 5 inches (125 mm) of rainfall annually and largely covered by lava flows, it formed a nearly impenetrable barrier between the populated areas of the Levant and Mesopotamia

Tzu-po

2005-03-12T19:33:00.000-08:00

Also called Chang-tien , Pinyin Zibo , or Zhangdian industrial city and municipality (shih), central Shantung Province (sheng), China. The core of the present 1,135-sq-mi (2,935-sq km) autonomous subprovincial-level municipality was formed under the People's Republic by amalgamating the two counties (hsien) of Tzu-ch'eng (Tzu-ch'uan) and Po-shan, which together form the richest coal field and mining area in the province. Tzu-ch'eng was an

Nova Scotia, Flag Of

2005-03-12T08:42:00.000-08:00

The flag is based on the provincial coat of arms, which was itself inspired by the Scottish Cross of St. Andrew (white saltire on a blue field) and the royal arms of Scotland. The “reverse-colour” Cross of St. Andrew on the Nova Scotia flag provides a more visible contrast for the Scottish shield. The Nova Scotia coat of arms was created on May 28, 1625, but it was not recorded by heraldic

Tarbes

2005-03-11T23:56:00.000-08:00

After the Roman occupation, when it was a city of considerable importance, Tarbes was seized for a time by the Arabs. In the 10th century it became the capital of the ancient countship

Medicine, Public health practice

2005-03-11T11:42:00.000-08:00

The physician working in the field of public health is mainly concerned with the environmental causes of ill health and in their prevention. Bad drainage, polluted water and atmosphere, noise and smells, infected food, bad housing, and poverty in general are all his special concern. Perhaps the most descriptive title he can be given is that of community physician.

Roman Road System

2005-03-10T10:07:00.000-08:00

The first of the great Roman roads, the Via Appia (Appian Way), begun by the censor Appius

Molle Islands

2005-03-10T03:52:00.000-08:00

Group of four small formations on the Great Barrier Reef, in Whitsunday Passage in the Coral Sea, 3 miles (5 km) off the northeastern coast of Queensland, Australia. In 1815 the patch of water behind the group was named Port Molle for Colonel George Molle. The name was later applied to the islands and to the deepwater passage between them and the mainland. The islands are coral-fringed,

Kambalda

2005-03-09T23:09:00.000-08:00

Mining town, southern Western Australia. It lies 37 miles (60 km) south of Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Gold was mined there from 1896 to 1906, but the site's modern importance dates from 1966, when deposits of high-grade nickel were discovered in the vicinity. The nickel ores are smelted at Kalgoorlie-Boulder, refined at Kwinana (south of Perth), or carried southward to the port of Esperance for shipment.

Arnold, Harold Deforest

2005-03-09T04:16:00.000-08:00

Arnold studied at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, where he received a Ph.B. (1906) and a M.S. (1907), and in 1911 he earned a doctorate at the University of Chicago. While working for the Western Electric

Milyukov, Pavel Nikolayevich

2005-03-08T20:24:00.000-08:00

As a contributor to a clandestinely circulated journal, Osvobozhdeniye (“Liberation”), founded in 1902, Milyukov did much to swing the moderate members of the zemstvos (local government bodies) to the left. During the revolutionary year 1905, he was active in forming the Union of Unions, a broad alliance of professional associations, and subsequently the Constitutional Democratic,

Auslander, Joseph

2005-03-07T02:14:00.000-08:00

Auslander's

Berazategui

2005-03-06T18:36:00.000-08:00

Partido (county) at the southeastern limits of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, Argentina, in Buenos Aires provincia. It lies along the Río de la Plata estuary. The subdivision was created in October 1960 out of the existing partido of Quilmes. Berazategui was originally the property of the Barragán family when it was sold in 1860 to José Clemente Berazategui and Juan Etcheverry.

Wright, Wilbur And Orville

2005-03-06T11:33:00.000-08:00

American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who achieved the first powered, sustained, and controlled airplane flight (1903) and built and flew the first fully practical airplane (1905).

Eye Dialect

2005-03-06T10:44:00.000-08:00

The use of misspellings that are based on standard pronunciations (such as sez for says or kow for cow) but are usually intended to suggest a speaker's illiteracy or his use of generally nonstandard pronunciations. It is sometimes used in literature for comic effect.

Considérant, Victor-prosper

2005-03-05T22:31:00.000-08:00

Educated at the École Polytechnique in Paris, Considérant entered the French army as an engineer and rose to the rank of captain. He resigned his commission in 1831 to devote

Kuldja

2005-03-05T02:28:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Kulja, Chinese (Wade-Giles) I-ning, or (Pinyin) Gulja, or Yining, city in western Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. It is the chief city, agricultural market, and commercial centre of the I-li River valley, which is a principal route from the Sinkiang region into Central Asia. The valley is far wetter than any other part of Sinkiang and has rich grazing land. Kuldja has been a strategic centre since early times, being known

Hackl, Georg

2005-03-04T05:18:00.000-08:00

Hackl was born and raised in the Bavarian town of Berchtesgaden, just four miles from the Königssee luge

Thompson, Sir J(ohn) Eric S(idney)

2005-03-04T03:37:00.000-08:00

Leading English ethnographer of the Mayan people. Thompson devoted his life to the study of Mayan culture and was able to extensively decipher early Mayan glyphs, determining that, contrary to prevailing belief, they contained historical as well as ritualistic and religious records. He also discovered that present-day

Amana Colonies

2005-03-03T18:31:00.000-08:00

Amana developed from the Community of True Inspiration, founded in 1714 in the German principality of Hesse by the pietistic mystics

India Ink

2005-03-03T16:10:00.000-08:00

Also called Chinese Ink, black pigment in the form of sticks that are moistened before use in drawing and lettering, or the fluid ink consisting of this pigment finely suspended in a liquid medium, such as water, and a glutinous binder. The sticks or cakes consist of specially prepared lampblack, or carbon black, mixed with a gum or glue and sometimes perfume. India ink was used in China and Egypt

Azuela, Mariano

2005-03-03T02:45:00.000-08:00

Azuela received an M.D. degree in Guadalajara in 1899 and practiced medicine, first in his native town and after 1916 in Mexico City. His best-known work, Los de abajo (1916; The Under Dogs), depicting the futility of the revolution, was written at the

Kidney Stone

2005-03-02T00:06:00.000-08:00

Also called Renal Calculus, plural Renal Calculi, concretion of minerals and organic matter that forms in the kidneys. Such stones may become so large as to impair normal renal function. Urine contains many salts in solution and if the concentration of mineral salts becomes excessive, the excess salt precipitates as solid particles called stones. Kidney stones are classified as primary if they form without apparent

Aquarium

2005-03-01T22:30:00.000-08:00

Receptacle for maintaining aquatic organisms, either freshwater or marine, or a facility in which a collection of aquatic organisms is displayed or studied.

Van Nu En Straks Circle

2005-03-01T21:27:00.000-08:00

Group of writers associated with an influential Flemish review, Van Nu en Straks (“Today and Tomorrow”; 1893–94 and 1896–1901). Though holding a variety of opinions, they strove for an art that should comprehend all human activity and give universal significance to individual feelings. Led by August Vermeylen, they included Prosper van Langendonck, Emmanuel Karel de Bom, and Alfred Hegenscheidt.

Lockport

2005-03-01T18:58:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1822) of Niagara county, western New York, U.S. It lies 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Buffalo. It was founded in 1821 and grew around the series of five double locks (1847) of the Erie Canal built to overcome a difference of about 60 feet (18 metres) between the levels of Lake Erie and the Genesee River. Two modern locks (1918) of the New York State Canal System replaced one of the sets of five locks; the

Entente Cordiale

2005-03-01T05:45:00.000-08:00

(April 8, 1904), Anglo-French agreement that, by settling a number of controversial matters, ended antagonisms between Great Britain and France and paved the way for their diplomatic cooperation against German pressures in the decade preceding World War I (1914–18). The agreement in no sense created an alliance and did not entangle Great Britain with a French commitment to Russia

Aeterni Patris

2005-02-27T21:45:00.000-08:00

An encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on Aug. 4, 1879, which strengthened the position of the philosophical system of the medieval Scholastic philosopher-theologian St. Thomas Aquinas and soon made Thomism the dominant philosophical viewpoint in Roman Catholicism.

Diego Garcia

2005-02-26T16:17:00.000-08:00

Discovered by the Portuguese in the early 16th century, it was for

Ventilating

2005-02-26T03:41:00.000-08:00

The hazards of poor ventilation were not clearly understood until the early

Man O' War

2005-02-26T02:08:00.000-08:00

Byname Big Red (foaled 1917), probably the most famous American racehorse (Thoroughbred), overwhelmingly voted, in an Associated Press poll taken in 1950, the greatest horse of the first half of the 20th century. In a brief career of only two seasons (1919–20), he won 20 of 21 races, finishing second to a horse named Upset on Aug. 13, 1919, at Saratoga, N.Y. He established five track records for speed over various distances and

Gooch, Sir Daniel, 1st Baronet

2005-02-25T13:16:00.000-08:00

After working under the pioneer railroad builders George and Robert Stephenson, Gooch was appointed, in 1837, locomotive superintendent of the Great Western Railway. In this capacity he developed such

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint

2005-02-25T04:44:00.000-08:00

The biography of Thomas Aquinas is one of extreme simplicity; it chronicles little but some modest travel during a career devoted entirely to university life: at Paris, the Roman Curia, Paris again, and Naples. It would be a mistake, however, to judge that his life was merely the quiet life of a professional teacher untouched by the social and political affairs of his

Abu Nuwas

2005-02-24T08:39:00.000-08:00

Abu Nuwas, of mixed Arab and Persian heritage, studied in Basra and al-Kufah, first under the poet Walibah ibn al-Hubab, later under Khalaf al-Ahmar. He also studied the Qur'an (Islamic sacred scripture), Hadith (traditions relating to the life and utterances of the Prophet), and grammar and is said to have spent a year with the

Girard, Stephen

2005-02-24T03:09:00.000-08:00

Girard shipped out to sea at the age of 14 and by 1774 was captain of a ship involved in U.S. coastal trade with the West Indies. Stymied by British blockades

China, Conflict over entry into the war

2005-02-23T22:55:00.000-08:00

In February 1917 the U.S. government severed diplomatic relations with Germany and invited the neutral powers, including China, to do the same. This brought on a crisis in the Chinese government. Li opposed the step, but Tuan favoured moving toward entry into the war. Parliamentary factions and public opinion were bitterly divided. Sun Yat-sen, now in Shanghai, argued that

Ale

2005-02-23T21:14:00.000-08:00

Fermented malt beverage, full-bodied and somewhat bitter, with strong flavour of hops. Popular in England, where the term is now synonymous with beer, ale was until the late 17th century an unhopped brew of yeast, water, and malt, beer being the same brew with hops added. Modern ale, usually brewed with water rich in calcium sulfate, is made with top-fermenting yeast and processed

Kaf, Al-

2005-02-23T01:29:00.000-08:00

Also spelled El-kef, or Le Kef, town, northwestern Tunisia. The town is situated at an elevation of 2,559 feet (780 m) on the slopes of the Haut (high) Tell, 22 miles (35 km) from the Algerian border. It occupies the site of an ancient Carthaginian town and later Roman colony—Sicca Veneria. Al-Kaf (“The Rock”) was an important stronghold during Turkish rule and is now a regional marketplace and strategic road junction on the

Athenagoras I

2005-02-22T07:26:00.000-08:00

Athenagoras was the son of a physician. He attended the seminary on the island of Halki, near Constantinople, and was ordained a deacon in 1910. He then moved to Athens, where he served as archdeacon to the archbishop Meletios, who later

Amphibole

2005-02-21T16:11:00.000-08:00

The fundamental building block of all silicate mineral structures is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (SiO4)4-. It consists of a central silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in the shape of a tetrahedron. The essential characteristic of the amphibole structure is a double chain of corner-linked silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons that extend indefinitely parallel

Spanish Literature, Early drama

2005-02-20T18:44:00.000-08:00

The origins of drama in Spain are to be sought, as elsewhere, in the church. The Auto de los reyes magos (“Play of the Three Wise Kings”), an incomplete play of an Epiphany cycle, is the only surviving text of medieval Spanish drama. The characterization of the Magi and of Herod and his advisers was realistic, and the medley of metres foreshadowed one aspect of later development

Anne Of France

2005-02-20T04:49:00.000-08:00

Anne's energy, strength of will, cunning, and political sense enabled her to overcome the difficulties threatening the kingdom,

Mars, Canals Of

2005-02-20T03:36:00.000-08:00

Apparent systems of long, straight linear markings on the surface of Mars that are now known to be illusions caused by the chance alignment of craters and other natural surface features seen in telescopes near the limit of resolution. They were the subject of much controversy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and influenced popular thinking about the possibility

Awan

2005-02-18T21:46:00.000-08:00

Ancient city and region of the land of Elam, prominent throughout early Mesopotamian history and especially in the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. Although it was probably situated near Susa, in southwestern Iran, Awan's exact location is unknown. A coalition of four rulers of southwestern Persia, led by the king of Awan, provided vigorous resistance to the eastern

Averroës

2005-02-18T15:23:00.000-08:00

Medieval Latin Averrhoës , also called Ibn Rushd , Arabic in full Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd influential Islamic religious philosopher who integrated Islamic traditions with ancient Greek thought. At the request of the Almohad caliph Abu Ya'qub Yusuf, he produced a series of summaries and commentaries on most of Aristotle's works (1169–95) and on Plato's Republic, which exerted considerable influence in

Biblical Literature, The fall of Israel

2005-02-18T08:22:00.000-08:00

After the death of Jeroboam II, however, Israel faced a period of continuous disaster; and no prophetic figure was able to arrest the steady internal decay. From 746–721, when Samaria finally fell to the Assyrians, there were six kings, the last being Hoshea, a conspirator who had assassinated the previous king. The Assyrian king Sargon II deported the leading citizens of Samaria

Kagoshima

2005-02-18T04:42:00.000-08:00

City and ken (prefecture), southernmost Kyushu, Japan, including the island groups of Osumi, Tokara, and Amami. It occupies an area of 3,539 square miles (9,167 square km). Its southern coast is deeply indented by Kagoshima Bay. The active volcano, On-take, was an island in the bay until an eruption in 1914 connected it to the eastern shore. Rough topography, volcanic-ash soil, and relative isolation

Bracket

2005-02-16T11:05:00.000-08:00

In architecture, device of wood, stone, or metal that projects from or overhangs a wall to carry a weight. It may also serve as a ledge to support a statue, the spring of an arch, a beam, or a shelf. Brackets are often in the form of volutes, or scrolls, and can be carved, cast, or molded. They are sometimes entirely ornamental. Among the types of bracket are the corbel and the console

Madinat Ash-sha'b

2005-02-16T04:36:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Yemen, former administrative capital of Yemen (Aden). The town is located on the Little Aden Peninsula on the western side of At-Tawahi Bay (Aden Harbour), across from Aden city. Founded in 1959 as Al-Ittihad (Arabic: “Unity”), it was at first the capital of the Protectorate of South Arabia under British rule. It was renamed after Yemen (Aden) was founded in 1967. Pop. (latest est.) 20,000.

Florence

2005-02-16T02:45:00.000-08:00

Italian Firenze, Latin Florentia, city, capital of Firenze province and Toscana (Tuscany) region, central Italy. The city, located about 145 miles (230 kilometres) northwest of Rome, has, during its long history, been a republic, a seat of the duchy of Tuscany, and a capital (1865–71) of Italy. Florence was founded as a Roman military colony about the 1st century BC and during the 14th to 16th centuries achieved preeminence in commerce

Cadillac, Antoine Laumet De La Mothe

2005-02-16T00:51:00.000-08:00

With permission

Xyy-trisomy

2005-02-15T14:52:00.000-08:00

Relatively common human sex chromosome anomaly in which a male has two Y chromosomes rather than one. It occurs in 1 in 500–1,000 live male births, and individuals with the anomaly are often characterized by tallness and severe acne and sometimes by skeletal malformations and mental deficiency. It has been suggested that the presence of an extra Y chromosome in an individual

Danish Literature

2005-02-15T07:04:00.000-08:00

The first written evidences of Danish may be found in runic inscriptions, the extant majority of which date from 800 to 1100. With the introduction of Christianity in the 12th century, Latin became the predominant literary language of Denmark and remained so until the Protestant Reformation of 1536, when a new literary movement was inaugurated

Elijah

2005-02-14T00:26:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Elias, or Elia, Hebrew Eliyyahu Hebrew prophet who ranks with Moses in saving the religion of Yahweh from being corrupted by the nature worship of Baal. Elijah's name means “Yahweh is my God” and is spelled Elias in some versions of the Bible. The story of his prophetic career in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Kings Ahab and Ahaziah is told in 1 Kings 17–19 and 2 Kings 1–2 in the Old Testament.

Corday, Charlotte

2005-02-13T23:21:00.000-08:00

Descended from a noble family, educated in a convent at Caen, and royalist by sentiment, yet susceptible also to the ideals of the Enlightenment, Corday was living with an aunt in Caen when it became a centre of the “federalist” movement against the National

Murcia

2005-02-12T20:14:00.000-08:00

Independent Muslim (Moorish) kingdom centred on the city of Murcia (Arabic: Mursiyah), Spain. It came into being on two occasions: first in the 11th century, following the disintegration of the Spanish Umayyad caliphate; and again in the 12th century, as part of the Spanish Muslim reaction against the rule of the North African Almoravids. The kingdom's first ruler, 'Abd ar-Rahman

Sucker

2005-02-12T14:38:00.000-08:00

Any of the freshwater fishes constituting the family Catostomidae, similar to and closely related to the carp and minnows (Cyprinidae). There are about 80 to 100 species of suckers; except for a few species in Asia, all are North American. Many suckers are almost indistinguishable from minnows, but catostomids may often be recognized by the sucking, usually ventral

Einhard

2005-02-12T09:28:00.000-08:00

Einhard was educated after 779 in the monastery of Fulda; his brilliance was soon recognized, and he was sent to Charlemagne's Palace School at Aachen

Abu Bakar

2005-02-11T17:34:00.000-08:00

Under an 1824 British treaty, supplemented by an agreement in 1855, the Malay state of Johore was ruled not

Palaungic Languages

2005-02-10T07:49:00.000-08:00

Also called Palaung-wa, branch of the Mon-Khmer group of the Austroasiatic languages. Palaungic languages are spoken primarily in Myanmar (Burma) and secondarily in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Yunnan province in China. The members of the Palaungic branch are somewhat controversial but are generally given as Kano' (Danau, or Danaw), Mang, and sometimes Lamet (which are often grouped in the Khmuic

North American Review

2005-02-10T04:20:00.000-08:00

American magazine (1815–1940), one of the country's leading literary journals of the 19th and 20th centuries. It was founded in Boston, Mass., under the auspices of the Monthly Anthology (1803–11) and began publication as a regional magazine, reflecting the intellectual ideas and tastes of Boston and New England. The poet William Cullen Bryant's first contribution to the review, “Thanatopsis

Kylix

2005-02-10T03:29:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Cylix, in ancient Greek pottery, wide-bowled drinking cup with horizontal handles, one of the most popular pottery forms from Mycenaean times through the classical Athenian period. There was usually a painted frieze around the outer surface (see photograph), depicting a subject from mythology or everyday life, and on the bottom of the inside a painting often depicting

Insurance, Coinsurance

2005-02-09T07:08:00.000-08:00

Although there is no coinsurance clause as such in the ocean marine policy, losses are settled as though a 100 percent coinsurance clause existed. Thus, if an insured takes out coverage equal to 50 percent of the true replacement cost of the goods, only 50 percent of any partial loss may be recovered.